Classic Christianity – Book of Romans P52 (03-09-20)
Synopsis
In Romans 12, we learned what true worship is. True worship is making your body available on a continual basis to Jesus, who lives in you, to live His life through you. It is giving access to Him. We were and never are able to live the Christian life. Jesus explained to us how we were created to function in the parable of the vine and the branches. Jesus is the vine and we are the branches. The vine produces the fruit and the branch bears the fruit. The same way in the life of someone who is born again. We cannot produce the fruit of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self control. Jesus living in us, is who produces the fruit. A branch can only bear the fruit, and the only way that it can bear the fruit is by abiding in the life of the vine to let it live its life in and through you. We cannot produce the fruit.
The Holy Spirit in the man is indispensable to the proper functioning of the man. We were not designed to determine right from wrong and good from evil. We were designed to live in a trusting relationship with the living God. What Adam chose to do, to determine right from wrong and good from evil, independent of God, is how sin and death entered the world, all all died, because all sinned. So when you became born again, you are know able to discern the things of God, and have been given the privilege to participate in the divine nature.
In Romans 12, Paul went on to describe the proper attitudes of the heart, of using spiritual gifts not to edify yourself but to edify the body, those who are attached to the same head, who is Christ Jesus. Spiritual gifts are not to boast about, to say you are better than someone else, for that is pride. Nor are you to bemoan that you do not have a spiritual gift, as if to say you are worse than someone else, for that is self condemnation. We are not to compare ourselves by ourselves, for that is foolishness, and not wise.
No, spiritual gifts are to serve one another in love, to love one another even as Christ loved you. Each of us have been uniquely created by God with unique spiritual gifts. It is like an apple tree. The apple tree does not eat its own apples. Or like a cow that produces milk. A cow does not drink its own milk. That which comes out of you, the fruit of the Spirit, as described in Galatians 5:22-23, is by abiding in Christ, and is meant to be used to build up the body of Christ, to serve and edify the body of Christ, of whom you are a member with a specific purpose. Paul lists here in this chapter several spiritual gifts; prophecy, service, helps, encouragement, giving, leadership and other unique gifts.
Now, concerning love, just one aspect of the fruit of the Spirit. Love is an action, and scripture defines what love is in Ephesians 13. Now, if you were to put your name in there, wherever love is defined, then that is how we are to love. Can you be patient always? Can you never be envious? Can you never boast? Can you never be rude? Can you keep no records of wrongs?Can you hate evil and rejoice with the truth? Can you never fail?
The fact is we will fail in this weakened flesh of ours. We have been given the Spirit, who lives in us, so that by faith, we learn to trust God to produce that love in and through us. We cannot produce love, a characteristic of the fruit of the Spirit, as listed in Galatians 5:22-23, in the energy of our flesh. Love in Ephesians 13 is really a description of who God is. God is love. Now, replace love with God in the love chapter in Ephesians 13. That is God.
God completely fulfilled the law for us, becoming death for us, so we can have the life of Christ placed in us. He lived a perfect life, by living in perfect love, when he walked this earth. Therefore, he laid down his life for us so he can give his life to us, so he can live his life in and through us. There is no greater love than that.
Once the law of sin and death was taken away, and since Jesus was raised from the dead, the same life that raised him from the dead, can be placed in you, you who put your complete trust in what He alone did for you. At that moment you believed the message of Christ Jesus, and you were born again, with the Spirit of God being placed in you, forever.
We, who are in Christ, do not live by the letter of the law. If you try to make a list of all the laws, as in the book of Deuteronomy, such as do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not covet, and try to obey that, then like the Jews who tried to obtain righteousness by the law, what will you discover? You will discover that you cannot do it. That is when you come to the end of the law so that God may lavish His grace in you.
Now, in Romans 13, Paul addresses the proper functioning of a believer in regards to governing authorities. All government has been instituted by God for our good. We need governing. And government was designed for that purpose. We pay taxes, because out of that are those things we need for our good, for our protection and for our service. As scripture says, to praise the good and punish the wrong doer.
But again, government was not designed as rules to live by. God lives in you is the higher law, the law of true liberty, the law of life in Christ Jesus. He who loves fulfills the law. How much easier would the job of governing authorities be if people became born again, and learned how to walk in love. Against such things as the fruit of the Spirit there is no law.
The law was made for the unrighteous. And, while we are in this weakened flesh of ours, the law is still necessary in this temporary world we live in, for conscience sake. If you commit a crime, you are still subject to the laws of the land. As a child of God, though, you will never be condemned. Why not? From God’s vantage point, your sins were paid in full. When? Over 2000 years ago. Will he ever shed his blood again for sin? No. Your sins were already judged. When? At the cross. You were declared guilty by God. The punishment was paid in full, which is the death of Christ for all sin. Who paid it? Jesus. How much of it? All of it. So, the only sin attributable to man is the sin of the rejection of Christ Jesus, failing to come to him to receive new life. So let us not be those who live for ourselves but for the one who died and set us free. It is for freedom that Christ set us free.
Transcript
Last week, we talked about the importance of what true worship is, in Romans 12.
Romans 12:1
1 Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God – this is your true and proper worship.
So many times there is confusion in the world as to what worship is, but from what the bible says, it is when we are able, in view of the mercy of God, that we offer our bodies as a living sacrifice, fully and acceptable in the sight of God, which is our reasonable act of worship. That is what worship is from God’s vantage point. It is not a service that you go to. That would be a sad thought that the only time you worship the Lord is only an hour or two on Sunday or Saturday. It is making your body available on a continual basis to Jesus, who lives in you, to live His life through you. It is giving access to Him.
I say so many times that the Christian life is something like your old driver’s education car where you have two sets of steering wheels. You get in the car, and there are two sets of steering wheels and Jesus is sitting in front of the steering wheel and saying, “You have got one in front of you, Bob, but if you want to take a good trip, you need to take your hands off that thing, and let me drive. If you start driving, then I am not going to. We cannot both be driving at the same time. So I want you to know that as soon as you grab that steering wheel, I am taking my hands off. I will bump down the road with you and I will run into trees with you and all that other type of thing until you finally learn to leave the driving to me.”
That is exactly like what the Christian life is all about. He is saying to us, “Look, I gave you this life and only I can live this life. If you want to live the Christian life, you will have to stop trying to live it and let me give it. Just like a branch and a vine. A branch can only bear the fruit, and the only way that it can bear the fruit is by abiding in the life of the vine to let it live its life in and through you. You get the privilege of participating in that divine nature that lives in you. But you cannot produce the life in and of yourself. You cannot produce the fruit.”
Galatians 5:22-23
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law.
The fruit of the Spirit cannot be produced by you and me. That can only be produced by Jesus and we get to bear the fruit in one another’s life but we cannot produce it. So He is encouraging us in this in the 12th chapter of Romans.
Romans 12:1
1 Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God – this is your true and proper worship.
This is what we learned about in the first eleven chapters in Romans.
Romans 12:2-3
2 Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is – his good, pleasing and perfect will. 3 For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the faith God has distributed to each of you.
He told us to not think more highly of ourselves than we ought. Realize that anything you have has come from God. Therefore, we should be thinking in sober judgment. Think of yourselves in sober judgment in accordance with the faith He has given you. Realize that if we all, in this body of Christ, have different gifts, but all these gifts are no the same, and they do not need to be the same.
Romans 12:4-8
4 For just as each of us has one body with many members, and these members do not all have the same function, 5 so in Christ we, though many, form one body, and each member belongs to all the others. 6 We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith; 7 if it is serving, then serve; if it is teaching, then teach; 8 if it is to encourage, then give encouragement; if it is giving, then give generously; if it is to lead, do it diligently; if it is to show mercy, do it cheerfully.
Do not get hung upon the fact that you have a gift that someone else does not have. If you do have a gift, God gave it to you. We do not all have the same gifts. We have got people in Christendom out bragging about their gifts and telling everybody that they ought to have the gift they have, and that is nonsense. If you do have that gift, go use it and keep quiet. In other words, leave a quiet life and attend to your own business.
11 Thessalonians 4:11
make it your ambition to lead a quiet life: You should mind your own business and work with your hands, just as we told you,
Quit looking at other people and comparing yourself by other people.
2 Corinthians 10:12
12 We do not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some who commend themselves. When they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are not wise.
The bible tells us that a man who compares himself by himself is a fool. If I am comparing myself to you, for example, there is only two conclusions. I can come to conclude that I am better than you, which is total pride, or I can conclude that I am worse than someone else, and that is self condemnation, and both of those things are out of the pit of hell. There is no advantage in comparing yourself. If you are a branch attached to the vine, be what God wants you to be. What is God’s will for your life? What is the true purpose driven life? To let God be in you who He wants you to be. That is the purpose of being in Christ Jesus, to allow Jesus to individually make you into what He wants you to be.
Remember when Peter was inquiring about John.
John 21:20-22
20 Peter turned and saw that the disciple whom Jesus loved was following them. (This was the one who had leaned back against Jesus at the supper and had said, “Lord, who is going to betray you?”) 21 When Peter saw him, he asked, “Lord, what about him?”22 Jesus answered, “If I want him to remain alive until I return, what is that to you? You must follow me.”
Peter asked, “What about him, is he going to live forever?” Jesus replied, “It is none of your business what I am telling John. You come follow me.” That is the best advice we can ever receive. Do not look at what he is doing with somebody else. Do what He wants to do through you. Let Him be unique in your unique life. That is what the teaching of chapter 12 is all about.
Romans 12:9-21
9 Love must be sincere. Hate what is evil; cling to what is good. 10 Be devoted to one another in love. Honor one another above yourselves. 11 Never be lacking in zeal, but keep your spiritual fervor, serving the Lord. 12 Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, faithful in prayer. 13 Share with the Lord’s people who are in need. Practice hospitality.14 Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse. 15 Rejoice with those who rejoice; mourn with those who mourn. 16 Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position. Do not be conceited.
17 Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right in the eyes of everyone. 18 If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone. 19 Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: “It is mine to avenge; I will repay,”[Deuteronomy 32:35] says the Lord. 20 On the contrary:
“If your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink. In doing this, you will heap burning coals on his head.”[Proverbs 25:21,22]
21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
We are told about being sincere in our love, to hate what is evil and cling to what is good, to be devoted to one another in brotherly love, and all of these things. Those are such marvelous teachings in the 12th chapter of the book of Romans. At the end of that, if your enemy is hungry, feed him, if he is thirsty, give him something to drink. By doing so, you will heap burning coals on his head. You overcome evil with good. How many times do we have the tendency to take things into our own hands and want to overcome evil with more evil. Overcome evil with good.
In chapter 13, now he is beginning with our relationship with our governing authorities down here on earth. What he wants us to know is that all government was issued by God. As a matter of fact, when the Jews were released out of Egypt, you had millions of Jews in slavery. When you are in slavery, somewhat like the Iraqi people or those in East Germany when the walls came down, they do not know how to handle freedom. They never had freedom.
We were talking to people in the delicatessen in Ukraine. In the Russian area of Ukraine, it is in horrible shape. One of the reasons is is that all their life they have been in slavery. They have been told what to do. Now there is no one to tell them what to do, so they do not know what to do. It takes time for people to get used to freedom. You take people who have been in prison for a long time, and then released from prison, they do not know how to respond to freedom.
We have to understand that about ourselves. We have to get used to what freedom is about. That is why people rebel against the freedom we have in Christ, because they do not how to handle it. They say they do better under the law. They do not do better under the law. They just think they are better under the law. They say, “give me rules”. No, God wants to lead you. “Well, I do not know how to be led.” Well, just keep abiding and you will learn.
Romans 13:1
1 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established.
The issue of the establishment of government in countries was given by God, just like the ten commandments and the laws were given to the Jews when they left Egypt. For if He had not given them laws to live by, it would have been total utter chaos, and they would have destroyed themselves. So man must be governed. We must understand that. We cannot function without being governed.
Romans 13:1-2
The authorities that exist have been established by God. 2 Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted
Do not rebel against government. God instituted it.
Romans 13:2
and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.
From who? The government.
Romans 13:3-6
3 For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended. 4 For the one in authority is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for rulers do not bear the sword for no reason. They are God’s servants, agents of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. 5 Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also as a matter of conscience.6 This is also why you pay taxes,
Taxes are not anything new. They were not developed here. They have been in existence in biblical times. That is why you pay taxes. How many of you love to pay taxes? We don’t like to pay taxes. But he says do not gripe about it. That is why you pay taxes.
Romans 13:6-7
for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing. 7 Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
You do not have to like the man who is in the presidency of the United States, but you need to honor the office of the presidency of the United States, whoever is in it. We have to realize he is there for a purpose. They are there to help and serve people. So, we need to have an attitude like that. It is wonderful that we have a constitutional republican form of government, so if you do not like who is in, you can vote another one in. But we are to respect the institution of government.
Romans 13:8-10
8 Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for whoever loves others has fulfilled the law. 9 The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,”[Exodus 20:13-15,17; Deuteronomy 5:17-19,21] and whatever other command there may be, are summed up in this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”[Leviticus 19:18] 10 Love does no harm to a neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.
Guys, here in our conference this week, we talked about law and grace, and the difference between the two. We understand something that these ten commandments he is talking about, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,” and whatever commandments we are talking about, all those commands of God are fulfilled in love. Do you remember when they asked Jesus what is the greatest commandment. What he gave them was not even in the ten.
Matthew 22:34-40
34 Hearing that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, the Pharisees got together. 35 One of them, an expert in the law, tested him with this question: 36 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’[Deuteronomy 6:5] 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[Leviticus 19:18] 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”
The issue we run into is this. We come down and say, “I do not know how to love. I know how to tithe. I know how to go to church. I know how to sing songs. I know how to do all those things. But I do not know how to love. So let us forget the love stuff.” That is what we have done. We pay no attention at all as to what Jesus says, “Love is the fulfillment of the law.”
How did Christ fulfill the law before he could usher in an new law of grace? He had to fulfill the old law. How did he do it? By not committing adultery? By not stealing? No. He did it by walking in perfect love. That perfect love is the fulfillment of the law. But, as we talked about, we cannot do that. We look at 1 Corinthians 13, the definition of love.
1 Corinthians 13:4-8
4 Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. 5 It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. 6 Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 7 It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.8 Love never fails.
You just replace the word “God” in there for “love”. Then put your name in there. How am I supposed to love? Look at 1 Corinthians 13, and you see God’s definition of love. Well, this is how I am supposed to love. I am always patient? How did you do? Do we need to go any further? We look at that. I am always patient? No. I am always kind? Have I never said an unkind word to anybody? Have I never thought an unkind thought of anybody? Do I just have loving thoughts all the time, especially when they do what I do not want them to do?
Do I never envy? Do I never envy what somebody else has, especially when they have a Cadillac and I do not. I never boast? I am never proud? You will never hear me bragging about my church or about what I am doing? Love is never proud. Love is never rude. I am never rude? I am never self seeking? I am always looking after you above myself? I am never easily angered? Someone pulls in front of me on the freeway. Do I always say, “Praise Jesus?” I never keep records of Amy’s wrongs? I do not keep records? I have got a filing cabinet so we can pull them up when we need them. I do not delight in evil? I just hate it. I always rejoice with truth, especially when Amy tells me something about me that is wrong? I say, “Thank you, sweetie.”? I always protect you? I always trust you? I always hope the best for you? I always persevere for you?
This is how God says we are to love one another. So we say, “How are we doing?” We look at that and there is not a characteristic in there about me. I hope you are the same. I am just sorry. That is just not me. I have to realize, now I know what Jesus is saying, “Apart from me you can do how much?” Nothing. I cannot do any of those things. I might be able to pull one off temporarily for a couple of minutes, but that is about it. We have to realize this is what God is saying that your life is.
Galatians 5:6
The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love
This is the kind of love he is talking about. He did not put that down there just for buzz words. That is what love is. We look at love as feelings. Feelings do not have a thing in the world to do with this. These are actions on behalf of you toward another person just like there are actions of God toward you and me. Just because I do not like to be around somebody that does not mean I cannot be patient with him. It does not mean I do not be kind to him or to not be envious of him. These are actions and not feelings at all. We equate love in how we feel about someone rather than in the actions I can take toward someone.
These are all actions of love God wants us to develop. These can only come from Him. It is only when I abide in His love, and this is the definition of God’s love that I am forever going to pour that out into the lives of people around me, which is the purpose of the fruit of the Spirit. All these things are fruit of the Spirit. It is not fruits. It is fruit (singular). The purpose of the fruit of the Spirit is to serve the body. The purpose of the spiritual gift is not to edify yourself. It is to serve the body. A cow does not drink its own milk. An apple tree does not eat its own apples. It is for us. It is for the body.
That is the purpose of the gifts of the Spirit, t serve the body of Christ Jesus. The greatest way that we serve the body is by allowing Jesus’ love, who lives in us, to flow in and through us to those around us. That is the emphasis there, to love one another. If we do not love one another, we are not fulfilling the law.
And so, we have to realize that because we cannot do that we have had a tendency to ignore that. We pay no attention to that. It makes no difference if I am mean as a hornet but I am tithing and I am going to church and I am taking my children to church and picking them up too. All of that. So we substituted all of these activities for what God is saying. God is saying, “No, those activities do not mean a thing to me. What I am interested in is how are you doing in the love department?”
Romans 13:8
8 Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for whoever loves others has fulfilled the law.
Suppose you have somebody you really do not care much for. You know somebody who ripped you off. How many of you have someone who really ripped you off? Let me ask you another question? How many of you have ripped off somebody? So we are all together. So what he is saying here is, “Did Jesus die for that person that ripped you off? Did he die to take away their sins? Did he die to take away your sins?”
So what we realize is this. Are your standards higher than that of Jesus? I hear people say, “I will not forgive that person.” Then your standards are higher than Jesus. And, you are greater than Jesus. You really got offended, and said, “I will never ever ever forgive that person for what he did?” Have you ever heard that? What kind of a heart is that?
On the other hand, you see people, in court cases, where somebody that murdered their children and the parent is saying, “I forgive him because Jesus forgave me.” It melts your heart. It does nothing to your heart when a person says “I will never forgive that person.” It makes you angry. Who do you think you are?
Many times, when there are those things that have happened in life that you are going to have trouble forgiving, and you may take time to forgive. Do we understand that? Sometimes it takes time. Then we start trying to forgive. You cannot try to forgive. You just have to say, “Lord Jesus, it is in your hands.” Sometimes you have to say, “There is no way in the world for me to do this. But, Jesus lives in me, and if Jesus who lives in me, has already forgiven him, so I by faith, forgive him too”, and move on and forget about it.
You have a debt, so to speak, to love one another. The debt is, “if I did it for you, then why do you not think I did it for him.” “If I have forgiven you and forgiven them, then why do you not learn to forgive one another.” Forgiving another person frees you to be you. When you hold onto bitterness it will ultimately eat your lunch. Am I right or wrong? So he says there is a debt to love one another. He who loves his fellow man has fulfilled the law.
Romans 13:8-10
8 Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for whoever loves others has fulfilled the law. 9 The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,”[Exodus 20:13-15,17; Deuteronomy 5:17-19,21] and whatever other command there may be, are summed up in this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”[Leviticus 19:18] 10 Love does no harm to a neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.
I may not approve of what they did, but I do not have to retaliate with harm. I can be patient. I can be kind. I wish them no wrong. I am not going to go out and cause damage to them. Remember guys, acts of love. I think of the story of Noah, when he got drunk. One of the children exposed his shame. The others covered him up. Which was the act of love. Love covers.
James 5:19-20
19 My brothers and sisters, if one of you should wander from the truth and someone should bring that person back, 20 remember this: Whoever turns a sinner from the error of their way will save them from death and cover over a multitude of sins.
1 Peter 4:8
8 Above all, love each other deeply, because love covers over a multitude of sins.
Proverbs 17:9
9 Whoever would foster love covers over an offense, but whoever repeats the matter separates close friends.
Proverbs 19:11
11 A person’s wisdom yields patience; it is to one’s glory to overlook an offense.
So many times we do not think that. We just want to go out and blast people. That is not loving. I have done it and so have you. That is not love. Love your neighbor as yourself. God does no harm to his neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.
Romans 13:11
11 And do this, understanding the present time:
There was something he was talking about.
Romans 13:11
The hour has already come for you to wake up from your slumber, because our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed.
That is an interesting passage. Your salvation is nearer now than when you first believed. You thought your salvation was when you first believed. And that is true. Three things are taught in the bible. The spirit is saved. The soul is being saved. Your body will be saved. That is your body, soul, and spirit, when he is talking about final salvation. What is the final salvation we will have? It is when the soul and body are saved. This is closer than what you think. The reason I know the soul and body, the soul being saved ultimately will be, and the reason I know my body will be is because my Spirit is and I have the promise that I have been made complete. As far as God is concerned, you and I are already seated with Christ in the heavenly places. So the totality of salvation is already secure. But he says it is nearer than you think.
Romans 13:12-13
12 The night is nearly over; the day is almost here. So let us put aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light. 13 Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy.
All of these things are sin, aren’t they? What do we have the tendency to camp on? Anyone doing this? You hear someone say, “Anyone who does this, they are goners.” Which ones of those do we use for that? Orgies, drunkenness, sexual immorality, debauchery. What about dissensions and jealousy? What about those two? It seems they are in the line up. We miss those. Those are easy for us to do. The others you have to work at. You see, sin is sin, is it not? Have you ever functioned in jealousy? God calls it a sin. You may not be a big sinner, but God says that is sin. Worry is sin. What about having a critical spirit? All of these attitudes of the heart God calls sin.
Romans 13:14
14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh.
